{"product_id":"spectre-and-meltdown-shirt-2018-speculative-execution-cpu-graphic-tee-unhacked","title":"EXHIBIT 0025 — SPECTRE + MELTDOWN","description":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the two got fixed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJann Horn, at Google's Project Zero, reported the problem to Intel, AMD and ARM in June 2017. Two other groups had arrived at the same place independently — Werner Haas and Thomas Prescher at Cyberus Technology, and Daniel Gruss, Moritz Lipp, Stefan Mangard and Michael Schwarz at Graz University of Technology. Paul Kocher, working with Daniel Genkin, Mike Hamburg, Moritz Lipp and Yuval Yarom, reached Spectre separately as well. The embargo was set for 9 January 2018. It broke on 3 January.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA processor that waits to be certain is a slow processor, so it does not wait. It guesses which way a branch will go, runs ahead on the guess, and if it guessed wrong it discards the work and continues down the correct path. Architecturally, nothing happened.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eArchitecturally. The cache is not architectural state. The discarded work still touched memory, and what it touched is now faster to read than what it did not. Time the reads carefully enough and you can recover which was which, and from that, the value the processor was never supposed to let you see.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeltdown, CVE-2017-5754, used that to read kernel memory from an ordinary unprivileged process. It is fixable, because the fix is to stop mapping the kernel into every process's address space. That is KPTI. It works, and it costs — a few per cent on most workloads, considerably more on anything that makes a lot of system calls.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpectre, CVE-2017-5753 and CVE-2017-5715, is the harder one, because it is not a defect in a particular chip. It is what speculation is. It was demonstrated on Intel, AMD and ARM alike. There is no equivalent of KPTI for it. There are mitigations, added pattern by pattern as each new pattern is found, and they have kept being found.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe scope claim in the Meltdown paper is worth reading slowly: effectively every Intel processor since 1995 that implements out-of-order execution, excepting Itanium and Atom before 2013. Twenty-three years of hardware, doing exactly what it had been designed to do.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe processor rolled the work back. It could not roll back the fact that it had done it.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEXHIBIT 0025 \/ SPECTRE + MELTDOWN \/ 2018\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Printify","offers":[{"title":"Light Blue \/ S","offer_id":54505937535260,"sku":"16233254341547220418","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"White \/ S","offer_id":54505937568028,"sku":"28293045231242787170","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Heather Royal \/ S","offer_id":54505937600796,"sku":"16310227362753299713","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Natural \/ S","offer_id":54505937633564,"sku":"18435793749803006420","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ice Grey \/ S","offer_id":54505937666332,"sku":"13541352904805369880","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sand \/ 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